Lake Biwa

Lake Biwa, located in Shiga Prefecture in central Japan, is the country's largest freshwater lake, covering approximately 670 square kilometers. The lake stretches about 64 kilometers from north to south and reaches a maximum depth of 104 meters. Named after the traditional Japanese lute called the biwa due to its resemblance in shape, the lake has been a vital water source for the Kansai region for over four million years, making it one of the world's oldest lakes.

The lake holds profound cultural significance in Japanese history and literature. Its shores have witnessed pivotal historical events, and the lake appears frequently in classical poetry and art. Chikubushima Island, one of the lake's four islands, houses the sacred Hogonji Temple and Tsukubusuma Shrine, both designated as National Treasures. The lake also supports unique biodiversity, with several endemic species found nowhere else on Earth, contributing to its designation as a Ramsar Wetland of international importance.

Visitors can explore the lake through various activities including pleasure boat cruises departing from Otsu Port and Imazu Port, with routes offering scenic views of the surrounding mountains. The Biwako Valley ski resort and recreation area on the western shore provides year-round activities, accessible via ropeway. Cycling enthusiasts can follow the Lake Biwa Canal, a historic waterway completed in 1890, or tackle the 200-kilometer circumference route popular among cyclists. The lakeside promenade in Otsu offers peaceful walks with views of the water and nearby Mount Hiei.

Lake Biwa is easily accessible from Kyoto, located just 15 kilometers to the southwest. The JR Tokaido Line connects Kyoto Station to Otsu Station in approximately 10 minutes, while Otsukyo Station provides another gateway on the JR Kosei Line. The lake's eastern shore is served by the Keihan Ishiyama Sakamoto Line. Most attractions around the lake are free to access, though specific facilities like museums, cable cars, and boat cruises charge separate admission fees ranging from 500 to 3,000 yen.