Tsushima Island lies in the Korea Strait between Japan and South Korea, approximately 132 kilometers from mainland Kyushu and just 49.5 kilometers from the Korean Peninsula. This strategic location has shaped the island's identity as a historical crossroads between Japan and Korea for over a millennium. The island played a pivotal role during the Mongol invasions of Japan in 1274 and 1281, serving as the first line of defense, and later became a crucial diplomatic gateway during the Edo period through the Tsushima Domain.
The island's landscape is characterized by 89% forest coverage, making it one of Japan's most densely forested regions. Mount Shiratake, standing at 519 meters, offers panoramic views of the surrounding islands and, on clear days, visibility extends to the Korean coast. The Tsushima leopard cat (Tsushima yamaneko), an endangered subspecies found only on this island, symbolizes the unique biodiversity of the region. Coastal areas feature dramatic cliffs and secluded beaches, while the interior harbors ancient shrines including Watatsumi Shrine, a spiritual site partially submerged at high tide with torii gates rising from the sea.
Visitors can explore the Kaneda Castle ruins, an ancient mountain fortress built in 667 AD that showcases early Japanese defensive architecture. The Tsushima Historical Museum provides comprehensive exhibits on the island's role in Japan-Korea relations and maritime trade. Kayaking through the Asowan Bay reveals hidden coves and sea caves, while hiking trails wind through primeval forests where encounters with native wildlife are common. The island's fishing villages maintain traditional lifestyles, and local cuisine emphasizes fresh seafood including ishiyaki, a regional dish of grilled fish and shellfish.
Access to Tsushima requires either a ferry from Fukuoka (approximately 2 hours and 15 minutes by jetfoil or 4-5 hours by conventional ferry) or direct flights from Nagasaki or Fukuoka, which take roughly 30-35 minutes. The island has two main ports at Izuhara in the south and Hitakatsu in the north. Rental cars are essential for exploring as public transportation is limited. Most attractions on the island are free to enter, though some facilities like museums charge admission fees ranging from 300 to 500 yen.