Kinosaki Onsen (城崎温泉), Hyogo

Kinosaki Onsen is one of the most celebrated and beautifully preserved hot spring resort towns in all of Japan, located in the northern part of Hyogo Prefecture along the Maruyama River near the Sea of Japan coast. It is widely regarded as the finest example of a traditional onsen town in the entire country, a place where the ritual of soto-yu meguri (visiting multiple public baths) has been practiced with devoted enthusiasm for over 1,300 years.

The town developed as a hot spring resort following the discovery of its thermal waters in 720 AD, according to tradition by the monk Dosho who prayed for 1,000 days at the local Onsenji Temple before the waters emerged. That founding story of spiritual dedication and natural blessing remains deeply embedded in the identity and atmosphere of the town today.

The streets of Kinosaki are among the most atmospherically perfect of any onsen town in Japan. A willow-lined canal runs through the center of the main street, flanked by traditional wooden ryokan, souvenir shops, and the seven public bathhouses that form the heart of the town's unique bathing culture. The scene is particularly beautiful in the evening when lanterns reflect on the canal water.

The defining experience of Kinosaki is soto-yu meguri, the tradition of dressing in a yukata (cotton kimono) and geta (wooden sandals) provided by one's ryokan and wandering through the town to visit each of the seven public bathhouses in turn. The sound of wooden geta clicking on the stone streets and the sight of guests in colorful yukata is the most characteristic and beloved image of Kinosaki.

Each of the seven public bathhouses, known collectively as the Kinosaki Nanatsu no Sotoyu, has its own distinct architectural character, interior design, and hot spring water composition. The Sato no Yu, Gosho no Yu, Mandara-yu, Ichi no Yu, Kouno-yu, Jizo-yu, and Yanagi-yu each offer a different bathing experience, and collecting stamps from all seven in a single visit is a beloved local custom.

The Ichi no Yu bathhouse, built into the face of a dramatic rocky cliff and framed by a beautifully designed kabuki-style gate, is the most architecturally celebrated of the seven. The cave-like bathing chambers carved into the natural rock face create one of the most extraordinary and atmospheric bathing environments in Japan.

Onsenji Temple, sitting at the top of a 232-meter hill above the town and accessible by ropeway or on foot, is the spiritual guardian of Kinosaki Onsen and the site of the original prayers that, according to tradition, brought the hot spring waters to the surface. The temple's elevated position offers sweeping views over the town, the surrounding mountains, and the distant Sea of Japan on clear days.

The Kinosaki Ropeway connecting the town to the summit of Mt. Daishi beside Onsenji Temple is a pleasant and scenic way to ascend the hillside. The summit area contains the temple, a small observation point, and in winter the slopes below are used as a modest ski area, one of the few places in Japan where skiing and onsen bathing are available within walking distance of each other.

Kinosaki has a deep and celebrated literary connection through the short story "At Kinosaki" (Kinosaki nite), written by the master prose stylist Shiga Naoya in 1917 following a period of recuperation at the town's ryokan after a serious accident. The story is considered one of the finest and most influential works of Japanese short fiction and has drawn literary pilgrims to Kinosaki for over a century.

The town sits within easy reach of several important natural and cultural attractions in the surrounding Tajima region. The Tajima Wildlife Conservation Center and the dramatic San'in Kinosaki Geopark coastline, featuring spectacular sea cliffs and rock formations along the Sea of Japan, are among the most rewarding excursions available from the town.

Fresh Sea of Japan seafood is a central pleasure of any visit to Kinosaki, and the town's restaurants and ryokan are celebrated for their exceptional matsuba crab (PHP zuwaigani) cuisine during the winter season from November through March. A winter visit to Kinosaki combining fresh crab kaiseki dining with multiple onsen bathhouses is considered one of the most complete and satisfying travel experiences available in the entire Kansai and San'in region.

Kinosaki Onsen is directly served by Kinosaki Onsen Station on the JR San'in Main Line, with direct limited express train services connecting to Kyoto Station in approximately 2 hours 20 minutes and to Osaka in approximately 2 hours 40 minutes. The single direct train connection makes Kinosaki one of the most conveniently accessible major onsen resorts from the cities of the Kansai region.