Festival de Gion en Kioto: Todo lo que necesitas saber
6 feb 2024
The Gion Festival, or "Gion Matsuri," is a pinnacle of Kyoto's annual celebrations. Taking place in July, this month-long festivity has been woven into the fabric of Kyoto's culture for centuries.
It highlights Japan's rich history and traditions and immerses visitors in a dynamic and spirited atmosphere. This iconic festival vividly displays Kyoto's enduring charm and cultural depth.
The Gion Festival is a historic Japanese festival dating back to 869. It was initially intended as a purification ritual to combat plague.
Celebrated throughout July in Kyoto, it's famous for its grand processions called Yamahoko Junko on July 17 and 24, which are the festival's highlights. These processions feature two floats - the more extensive 'hoko' and the smaller 'yama', elaborately decorated with textiles and historical treasures, representing portable museums.
The more giant hoko floats, towering up to 25 meters in height and weighing approximately 12 tons, present a majestic spectacle as they are meticulously maneuvered through the streets of Kyoto. The Yoiyama, held three nights before each procession, transforms the city's streets into vibrant party zones with food stalls, music, and people in traditional yukatas.
This period also includes Byobu Matsuri, where local families showcase their private treasures and artworks. The Gion Festival's history is rich with efforts to enhance the beauty of the floats, a tradition dating back to the Edo period, featuring ornaments imported from around the world.
This festival, deeply rooted in religious and cultural practices, is a testament to Kyoto's enduring spirit and community pride. The Gion Festival is divided into two main parts: Saki Matsuri Junko (July 10-17) and Ato Matsuri Junko (July 18-24).
The Gion Festival, or Gion Matsuri, began in Kyoto and originated in 869 as a ritual to combat a plague, with prayers directed to the god Susanoo-no-Mikoto at Yasaka Shrine or Gion Shrine. This religious event began with the setting up of sixty-six halberds to symbolize the provinces of Japan, marking it as a purification ritual.
By 970, the event had evolved into an annual festival, cementing its place in Kyoto's cultural calendar. The festival faced interruptions, especially during wartime in the 15th century.
Still, it persisted and grew in splendor, especially during the Edo period when lavish decorations from various countries were added to the floats. Over time, the Gion Festival expanded its religious focus to include more Shintō gods from Yasaka Shrine, evolving into a grand cultural celebration.
Despite historical challenges, including natural disasters and wars, the festival has continued for over a millennium, symbolizing the resilience and spirit of Kyoto's people.
The Gion Festival celebrated in Kyoto, is renowned for its vibrant and culturally rich events that span the entire month of July. Key highlights of the festival include:
On the nights before the grand parade, Yoiyama is a lively celebration transforming the streets of Kyoto's Gion district. The area is adorned with traditional lanterns and colorful decorations, and the air is filled with the scents of various local delicacies from numerous food stalls.
People, both locals and visitors, don traditional yukatas, adding to the festival's authentic atmosphere.
It is the centerpiece of the Gion Festival. The Yamaboko Junko is a grand parade featuring two types of intricately decorated floats: the towering 'hoko' and the smaller 'yama'.
These floats, some dating back several centuries, are paraded through the streets, accompanied by traditional music and performances. The colossal hoko floats can reach heights of up to 25 meters and weigh approximately 12 tons.
The precision and skill required to maneuver these massive structures through the narrow streets are a spectacle.
Another significant occasion is the Mikoshi Togyo, a lively and spirited parade where portable shrines, known as "mikoshi," are carried through the streets. The carriers chant, and the crowd cheers them on, contributing to the festival's lively ambiance.
The mikoshi is believed to house deities and are paraded around to bring blessings to the community.
During the festival, visitors can witness the skilled construction of the floats made from bamboo, wood, and traditional Japanese paper. These floats are then displayed, allowing spectators to admire their intricate details and vibrant colors.
The festival also features geisha and yamabushi (mountain priests) performing in vibrant costumes. These performances, including dance and music, add an element of cultural heritage to the festival.
The Gion Festival showcases Kyoto's rich history and traditions and offers visitors a dynamic and immersive experience. The combination of historical parades, cultural performances, and a festive atmosphere makes it a must-see event.
The Gion Festival is not just about the float processions. The "Byobu Matsuri" or Folding Screen Festival, where residents display their family heirlooms, and the "Yoiyama" evenings preceding the parade days are filled with street food, festive music, and a general celebratory mood.
The entire month of July in Kyoto City becomes a stage for various traditional activities, including performances and local gatherings.
During the Gion Festival in Kyoto, the main events and festivities, including the grand procession of floats (Yamaboko Junko), are concentrated around the Gion district, particularly on Shijo, Kawaramachi, and Oike streets. The streets are often closed to traffic in the evenings, making walking a preferred mode of transportation for experiencing the festival's vibrant atmosphere.
Public buses, such as Kyoto City Bus #206 and #100, offer convenient stops throughout Gion, and taxis are also available, though more expensive. Visitors can rent bicycles for a more personalized exploration, allowing easy navigation through the bustling festival areas.
The Gion Festival is more than just an event; it's a living, breathing part of Kyoto's soul. It's a time when "the people of Kyoto" and visitors from around the world come together to celebrate a tradition that has stood the test of time.
Whether it's the awe-inspiring float processions, the vibrant street life, or the spiritual ceremonies at Yasaka Jinja Shrine, the Gion Festival offers an unforgettable experience. This festival, a symbol of Kyoto's enduring heritage, is a testament to the city's cultural richness and community spirit.
